LAURA H. CYPHERS

Worldwide maternal vaccination against group B Streptococcus (GBS), a pathogen that can cause morbidity and mortality in pregnant people and their infants, could avoid 214 300 cases of severe disease—which often present as meningitis and sepsis—in their children, as well as prevent 31 100 infant deaths, among other outcomes, according to estimates based on 140 million pregnant women from 183 countries.
Source: JAMA Online First

A patient who self-identified as “mixed race” has lived free from HIV-1 after receiving a transplant to treat acute myeloid leukemia that combined stem cells with the CCR5-Δ32/Δ32 gene variant from cord blood with stem cells from a haploidentical adult donor with a wild-type version of the gene, according to a case report in Cell.
Source: JAMA Online First

Cardiac arrests occurred among women in about 1 of every 9000 deliveries in a hospital from 2017 to 2019, higher than an earlier study’s estimate of 1 cardiac arrest per 12 000 hospital admissions for delivery. About 69% of the 1465 patients who experienced cardiac arrest survived to be discharged, according to data from almost 11 million delivery hospitalizations.
Source: JAMA Online First

This Medical News article discusses a movement to allow adequate family and medical leave for physicians in training.
Source: JAMA Online First

Clinicians know that individual patients may respond differently to a given treatment and that the overall treatment effect reported in a randomized trial of the treatment may not be directly applicable to all patients in clinical practice. Determining the treatment effect for an individual patient involves a comparison of the outcome when that patient is exposed to the treatment vs the outcome of the same patient exposed to a control treatment at the same time, a comparison impossible to make in conventional parallel-group trial designs. A practical alternative is to examine heterogeneity of (variation in) treatment effects across groups of patients, categorized by baseline demographic or clinical characteristics, such as age or risk factors for the outcome.
Source: JAMA Online First

This exploratory study of a multiplatform randomized trial investigating the effects of therapeutic-dose heparin in early-pandemic hospitalized COVID-19 patients describes findings from 3 statistical approaches to detecting differences of treatment effect in clinically relevant patient subgroups.
Source: JAMA Online First

This randomized clinical trial examines whether systematic 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate administration combined with a ratio-based transfusion protocol is superior to ratio-based transfusion alone in reducing 24-hour total blood product consumption in patients at risk of massive transfusion.
Source: JAMA Online First

This Medical News article discusses research presented at the American College of Cardiology and World Congress of Cardiology conference this March.
Source: JAMA Online First

This Viewpoint from the president of the National Academy of Medicine looks back at the academy’s accomplishments and looks forward to the possibilities it hopes to achieve to better medicine and society.
Source: JAMA Online First

This Viewpoint examines the increase in “mega-journals” (prolific publishers of medical articles) and both the opportunities and threats to scientific research they present.
Source: JAMA Online First